http://cargocollective.com Kennedy-alt Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:56:21 +0000 http://cargocollective.com en http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Democratic-National-Convention http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Democratic-National-Convention Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:56:21 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566358 On January 2, 1960, Kennedy officially declared his intent to run for President of the United States. In the Democratic primary election, he faced challenges from Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566358/kennedy-ap-pic1_860.jpg" width="860" height="975" width_o="860" height_o="975" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566358/kennedy-ap-pic1_o.jpg" data-mid="2599578" border="0" align="left"/> Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin and West Virginia and Morse in Maryland and Oregon, although Morse's candidacy is often forgotten by historians. He also defeated token opposition (often write-in candidates) in New Hampshire, Indiana, and Nebraska. In West Virginia, Kennedy visited a coal mine and talked to mine workers to win their support; most people in that conservative, mostly Protestant state were deeply suspicious of Kennedy's Roman Catholicism. His victory in West Virginia cemented his credentials as a candidate with broad popular appeal. At the Democratic Convention, he gave the well-known "New Frontier" speech, which represented the changes America and the rest of the world would be going through: "For the problems are not all solved and the battles are not all won—and we stand today on the edge of a New Frontier ... But the New Frontier of which I speak is not a set of promises—it is a set of challenges. It sums up not what I intend to offer the American people, but what I intend to ask of them." On January 2, 1960, Kennedy officially declared his intent to run for President of the United States. In the Democratic primary election, he faced challenges from... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Meeting-Willy-Brandt http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Meeting-Willy-Brandt Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:51:02 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566353 Under simultaneous and opposing pressures from the Allies and the Soviets, Germany was divided. The Berlin Wall separated West and East Berlin, the latter being under the control of the Soviets. On June 26, 1963, Kennedy visited West Berlin and gave a public speech criticizing communism. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566353/John_F._Kennedy_meeting_with_Willy_Brandt-_March_13-_1961_860.jpg" width="860" height="555" width_o="860" height_o="555" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566353/John_F._Kennedy_meeting_with_Willy_Brandt-_March_13-_1961_o.jpg" data-mid="2599547" border="0" align="left"/> Kennedy used the construction of the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of communism: "Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in." The speech is known for its famous phrase "Ich bin ein Berliner". Nearly five-sixths of the population was on the street when Kennedy said the famous phrase. He remarked to aides afterwards: "We'll never have another day like this one." Under simultaneous and opposing pressures from the Allies and the Soviets, Germany was divided. The Berlin Wall separated West and East Berlin, the latter being... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Nikita-Khrushchev http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Nikita-Khrushchev Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:36:48 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566345 Many military officials and cabinet members pressed for an air assault on the missile sites, but Kennedy ordered a naval quarantine in which the U.S. Navy inspected all ships arriving in Cuba. He began negotiations with the Soviets and ordered the Soviets to remove all defensive material that was being built on Cuba. Without doing so, the Soviet and Cuban peoples would face naval quarantine. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566345/john_f_kennedy_and_nikita_khruchchev_860.jpg" width="860" height="541" width_o="860" height_o="541" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566345/john_f_kennedy_and_nikita_khruchchev_o.jpg" data-mid="2599491" border="0" align="left"/> A week later, he and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev reached a basically cordial, lasting agreement. Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles subject to U.N. inspections if the U.S. publicly promised never to invade Cuba and quietly remove its Jupiter missiles stationed in Turkey. The removal of the Jupiter missiles was not a great concession as they were viewed as obsolete and Kennedy believed the US Navy Polarlis subs could fill their role.[46] This crisis had brought the world closer to nuclear war than at any point before or since. In the end, "the humanity" of the two men prevailed. Many military officials and cabinet members pressed for an air assault on the missile sites, but Kennedy ordered a naval quarantine in which the U.S. Navy inspected... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/John-Glenn-s-space-capsule http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/John-Glenn-s-space-capsule Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:29:48 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566337 Kennedy was eager for the United States to lead the way in the Space Race. Sergei Khrushchev says Kennedy approached his father, Nikita, twice about a "joint venture" in space exploration—in June 1961 and autumn 1963. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566337/kennedy-with-space-capsule_860.jpg" width="860" height="860" width_o="860" height_o="860" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566337/kennedy-with-space-capsule_o.jpg" data-mid="2599468" border="0" align="left"/> On the first occasion, the Soviet Union was far ahead of America in terms of space technology. Kennedy first announced the goal for landing a man on the Moon in speaking to a Joint Session of Congress on May 25, 1961, saying "First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him back safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish." Kennedy was eager for the United States to lead the way in the Space Race. Sergei Khrushchev says Kennedy approached his father, Nikita, twice about a "joint... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Hotel-Texas http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Hotel-Texas Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:26:39 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566335 With Humphrey and Morse out of the race, Kennedy's main opponent at the convention in Los Angeles was Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Adlai Stevenson, the Democratic nominee in 1952 and 1956, was not officially running but had broad grassroots support inside and outside the convention hall. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566335/JFK_860.jpg" width="860" height="623" width_o="860" height_o="623" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566335/JFK_o.jpg" data-mid="2599453" border="0" align="left"/> Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri was also a candidate, as were several favorite sons. On July 13, 1960, the Democratic convention nominated Kennedy as its candidate for President. Kennedy asked Johnson to be his Vice Presidential candidate, despite opposition from many liberal delegates and Kennedy's own staff, including Robert Kennedy. He needed Johnson's strength in the South to win what was considered likely to be the closest election since 1916. Major issues included how to get the economy moving again, Kennedy's Roman Catholicism, Cuba, and whether the Soviet space and missile programs had surpassed those of the U.S. To address fears that the fact that he was Catholic would impact his decision-making, he famously told the Greater Houston Ministerial Association on September 12, 1960, "I am not the Catholic candidate for President. I am the Democratic Party candidate for President who also happens to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my Church on public matters — and the Church does not speak for me." Kennedy also brought up the point of whether one-quarter of Americans were relegated to second-class citizenship just because they were Catholic. With Humphrey and Morse out of the race, Kennedy's main opponent at the convention in Los Angeles was Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Adlai Stevenson, the... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Where-the-West-Begins http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Where-the-West-Begins Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:23:25 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566331 Behind the glamorous facade, the Kennedys also experienced many personal tragedies. Jacqueline had a miscarriage in 1955 and a stillbirth in 1956. Their newborn son, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, died in August 1963. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566331/Untitled-1_860.jpg" width="860" height="668" width_o="860" height_o="668" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566331/Untitled-1_o.jpg" data-mid="2599395" border="0" align="left"/> Kennedy had two children who survived infancy. One of the fundamental aspects of the Kennedy family is a tragic strain which has run through the family, as a result of the violent and untimely deaths of many of its members. John's eldest brother, Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., died in World War II, at the age of 29. It was Joe Jr. who was originally to carry the family's hopes for the Presidency. Then of course both John himself, and his brother Robert died as a result of assassinations. Edward had brushes with death, the first in a plane crash and the second as a result of a car accident, known as the Chappaquiddick incident. Edward died, at age 77, on August 25, 2009 from the effects of a malignant brain tumor. Behind the glamorous facade, the Kennedys also experienced many personal tragedies. Jacqueline had a miscarriage in 1955 and a stillbirth in 1956. Their newborn... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Rice-University http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Rice-University Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:10:50 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566326 “No nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space. We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566326/John_F._Kennedy_speaks_at_Rice_University_860.jpg" width="860" height="1249" width_o="860" height_o="1249" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566326/John_F._Kennedy_speaks_at_Rice_University_o.jpg" data-mid="2599275" border="0" align="left"/> On November 21, 1962, however, in a Cabinet Room meeting with NASA Administrator James Webb and other officials, Kennedy said: "This is important for political reasons, international political reasons... Because otherwise we shouldn't be spending this kind of money, because I'm not that interested in space. I think it's good, I think we ought to know about it, we're ready to spend reasonable amounts of money. But...we’ve spent fantastic expenditures, we’ve wrecked our budget on all these other domestic programs, and the only justification for it, in my opinion, to do it in the pell-mell fashion is because we hope to beat them [the Soviets] and demonstrate that starting behind, as we did by a couple of years, by God, we passed them. I think it would be a helluva thing for us." “No nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space. We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Republic-of-Ireland http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Republic-of-Ireland Thu, 12 Aug 2010 22:58:27 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566314 On the occasion of his visit to the Republic of Ireland in 1963, President Kennedy joined with Irish President Éamon de Valera to form The American Irish Foundation. The mission of this organization was to foster connections between Americans of Irish descent and the country of their ancestry. Kennedy furthered these connections of cultural solidarity by accepting a grant of armorial bearings from the Chief Herald of Ireland. <img src="http://c0573862.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/1/1/47799/566314/JFKIreland2_860.jpg"> Kennedy had near-legendary status in Ireland, due to his ancestral ties to the country. Irish citizens who were alive in 1963 often have very strong memories of Kennedy's momentous visit. He also visited the original cottage at Dunganstown, near New Ross, where previous Kennedys had lived before emigrating to America, and said: "This is where it all began ..." On December 22, 2006, the Irish Department of Justice released declassified police documents that indicated that Kennedy was the subject of three death threats during this visit. Though these threats were determined to be hoaxes, security was heightened. On the occasion of his visit to the Republic of Ireland in 1963, President Kennedy joined with Irish President Éamon de Valera to form The American Irish... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Technicolor-Family http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Technicolor-Family Thu, 12 Aug 2010 22:56:31 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566312 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566312/2882134225_75c9731c4e_o.jpg" width="391" height="500" width_o="391" height_o="500" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566312/2882134225_75c9731c4e_o_o.jpg" data-mid="2599217" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566312/kennedybrothers2.jpg" width="376" height="250" width_o="376" height_o="250" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/47799/566312/kennedybrothers2_o.jpg" data-mid="2602715" border="0" align="left"/>After World War II, Kennedy had considered the option of becoming a journalist before deciding to run for political office. Prior to the war, he had not strongly considered becoming a politician as a career, because his family, especially his father, had already pinned its political hopes on his elder brother. Joseph, however, was killed in World War II, giving John seniority. When in 1946 U.S. Representative James Michael Curley vacated his seat in an overwhelmingly Democratic district to become mayor of Boston, Kennedy ran for the seat, beating his Republican opponent by a large margin. After World War II, Kennedy had considered the option of becoming a journalist before deciding to run for political office. Prior to the war, he had not strongly... http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/Christmas-and-Easter-holidays http://cargocollective.com/kennedy-alt/following/kennedy-alt/Christmas-and-Easter-holidays Thu, 12 Aug 2010 22:54:26 +0000 Kennedy-alt 566309 For 8th grade in September 1930, the 13-year old Kennedy was sent fifty miles away to Canterbury School, a lay Catholic boarding school for boys in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he had appendicitis requiring an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury and recuperated at home. <img src="http://c0573862.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/1/0/25834/297846/3867468770_4b1f178e38_o_860_o.jpg"> In September 1935, he sailed on the SS Normandie on his first trip abroad with his parents and his sister Kathleen to London with the intent of studying for a year with Professor Harold Laski at the London School of Economics (LSE) as his elder brother Joe had done. Mystery surrounds his time at LSE and there is uncertainty about how long he spent there before returning to America. In October 1935, Kennedy enrolled late and spent six weeks at Princeton University. He was then hospitalized for two months' observation for possible leukemia at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston in January and February 1936. He recuperated at the Kennedy winter home in Palm Beach in March and April, spent May and June working as a ranch hand on a 40,000-acre (160 km²) cattle ranch outside Benson, Arizona, and in July and August raced sailboats at the Kennedy summer home in Hyannisport. For 8th grade in September 1930, the 13-year old Kennedy was sent fifty miles away to Canterbury School, a lay Catholic boarding school for boys in New Milford,...